Archive for the ‘Level 2’ Category

Lolz! SEC Says WTF to Groupon Accounting Language

Friday, July 29th, 2011

social-media.jpg
(image credit: webtreats)

You know how (old) people are always saying that “texting and Facebook are the end of the world because kids can’t write anymore and say ‘u’ instead of ‘you,’ blah blah blah?” (like, omg, it’s nbd…)

Well, the SEC is now taking issue with the way Groupon and other start-ups are reporting their finances. Groupon, which is preparing for its IPO (i.e. selling shares of itself to the general public), is using some new – and misleading, according to a lot of financial experts and regulators – terminology to talk about how much money they are worth.

Other web and social media start-ups have done this sort of thing in the past – like talking about “eyeballs” (the number of people who view a website) instead of dollars to demonstrate a company’s value. However, some are saying Groupon is going too far, and others are saying stuff like “eyeballs” should never have been put next to traditional financial metrics in the first place.

So, do you think this is just an example of old finance not really getting the new way stuff works, or are Groupon and Zynga trying to punk us?

Mercantilism is…

Wednesday, July 27th, 2011

Mercantilism is an economic theory that was popular in Europe during the 17th century.

The basic idea is that a country’s power and economic well-being come from having lots of precious metals around, like gold and silver. This leads to arguments against free trade and for protectionist trade policies. By gaining a trade surplus (i.e., exporting more than you’re importing), a country can collect more and more of these metals from other countries buying its goods.

While mercantilism is usually associated with European trade policies of the somewhat distant past, it still pops up in today’s world to describe a country that is acting in mercantilistic ways.

An Impact Evaluation is…

Wednesday, July 27th, 2011

An impact evaluation is basically a check-up. It measures the effects of a venture and whether or not it reached its goals.

Evaluators use scenarios such as “with versus without” and “before versus after” to gauge impact. For example, a treatment group gets the flu vaccine and a comparison group doesn’t. Who gets sick will make it clear whether the vaccine works.

An impact evaluation also helps answer the question “What next?” If a company’s new mosquito nets are clearly connected to lower levels of malaria in an African village, then scale up the project! But if the evaluation demonstrates that the nets are still faulty, it’s back to the drawing board.

Econometrics is…

Wednesday, July 27th, 2011

Econometrics is the use of mathematics and computing to analyze economic questions. Someone who does econometrics is called an “econometrician.” Yup.

Econometricians use models (like linear regression) to achieve a number of goals. These include:

  • generating economic data
  • answering a particular question
  • testing a theory
  • discovering an economic relationship

To Commoditize is…

Thursday, July 21st, 2011

To commoditize is to treat something like a commodity. When you commoditize, you take a set of similar products and treat them as indistinguishable. Imagine printer paper: you don’t care which brand you get; all that matters is getting the best price. Printer paper is a commoditized market. However, the laser printer market is not a commoditized market because the different brands and their respective features matter more to you.

Commoditization takes differentiated products and transforms them into a uniform commodity market.

The Debt Ceiling is…

Thursday, July 21st, 2011

The debt ceiling is the established limit on how much outstanding debt the United States government can owe. The government is allowed most types of borrowing under the condition that it stays below the debt ceiling.

Previously, Congress had to give the okay for each separate debt issuance that the federal government requested. However, during World War I, it became tiring for the federal government to constantly ask for approval. The debt ceiling emerged so that the government did not have to repeatedly seek permission and could manage its borrowing more freely.

Tax-deferred is…

Thursday, July 21st, 2011

Tax-deferred is when you don’t have to pay taxes on a particular account as long as your money remains in it. You wait to pay the tax until you take the money. Once you withdraw your money, it’s up for grabs and the IRS can begin to tax it.

Retirement plans are a great example. Money stashed away in annuities, 401(k)s, and IRAs is tax-deferred to varying degrees and can grow for decades until you reach your retirement age.

An Exotic Derivative is…

Thursday, July 21st, 2011

An exotic derivative is – you guessed it – an exotic member of the larger derivative family. It’s basically any derivative (aka complicated financial product) that is considered out-of-the-box. The label is somewhat time-dependent because a product that is “exotic” now may become commonplace in twenty years. All the other (boring) derivatives are often referred to as “vanilla.” So it’s up to you – will it be vanilla or triple-chocolate macadamia in that investment waffle cone?

Core Inflation is…

Thursday, June 30th, 2011

Core inflation = full (a.k.a. headline) inflation minus inflation in energy and food prices. It’s the number that monetary policy makers (like the Fed) look at when they are monitoring inflation.

Why would they ignore inflation in the two things that we all spend so much money on? The answer is that food and energy prices change all the time, in unpredictable ways. A war in the Middle East can cause oil prices to spike. A drought in the Midwest can devastate crops – reducing supply and increasing prices. But the Fed believes these are temporary events and temporary price changes. So they just ignore food and energy, and focus on the more lasting price changes of other things.

The CME is…

Thursday, June 30th, 2011

The CME is short for the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The CME is one of the largest derivatives markets in the world, offering a wide range of options, futures, and other products.